This review reveals the possibility of using the newest technology of cone beam CT for acquiring three-dimensional images of periapical lesions and, mandibular canal. It has a higher efficiency in X-ray use, inhent quickness in volumetric data aquisition, and potential for reducing the cost of CT. It requires only a single scan to capture the entire object with a cone of X-rays with reduced exposure time. The high quality and affordable cone beam CT is ideally suited for diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment monitoring in endodontics especially when surgical approach is chosen. Three dimensional anatomic and pathological observations improve the surgical performance.

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Bleeding disorders have always been a stigma to dentists. The apparent complexities in diagnosis and handling of a bleeding problem contribute to this and force us to avoid such patients in clinical practice. Preventive dentistry obviates the need for invasive dental procedures. Quite often, help from conservative dentists may be sought after, making it mandatory to be aware of the basics of handling a "hemorrhagic patient". Haemophilia, being the commonest bleeding disorder in the world requires special mention. This article presents a systematic approach to successful endodontics in haemophiliac patients and highlights the importance of a multi­disciplinary approach.

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When teeth with incomplete root formation suffer pulp necrosis, the root development ceases and apical closure cannot be achieved. Root canal treatment at this time is a significant challenge, because of the size of the canal, the thin and fragile dentine walls and the large open apex. The goal of apexification was to obtain an apical barrier to prevent the passage of toxins and bacteria into the periapical tissues from the root canal. MTA appeared to be a valid option for apexification with the added advantage of speed of completion of therapy. The reinforcement of the composite resins by fibers improves their fracture toughness and resistance. The Fiber reinforced composite resin can be a good alternative to conventional post systems. The aim of this article was to present a clinical case of fractured anterior teeth with open apex where single step apexification was done with MTA and intraradicular rehabilitation was done with fiber reinforced composite.

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Background & Objectives Formation of hybrid layer is thought to be the main mode of adhesion between dentin and resin. But, the longetivity of this hybrid layer is questionable as it is subjected to hydrolytic degradation over time. Hence, the concept of reverse hybrid layer on application of NaOCI is contemplated to bring about better bonding. Studies till date, have focused on the effects of NaOCI on sound tooth structure. Hence, this comparative study evaluated the effect of NaOCI on shear bond strength of two fifth generation single bottle adhesive agents on demineralized and remineralized dentin surfaces. Method 88 humans premolars were taken and divided into two main groups (group 1 and 2) and bonded with two fifth generation bonding agents Adper Single Bond 2 and Excite respectively.. Each of these groups were further divided into three subgroups Control, Demineralizing and reminerlizing group. The specimens in each subgroups were subjected to either acid etching alone or acid etching and NaOCI pretreatment. The teeth were then stored in distilled water for I month and subjected to shear bond testing. Stereomicroscopic evaluation of the fracture mode at debonded interfaces was done. SEM was used to evaluate the resin-dentin interface. Result No statistically significant difference existed between the two bonding agents (group I and 2) when the three subgroups were compared either without or with NaOCI application. A statistical significant difference existed for each of the bonding agents between the demineralized and remineralized subgroups. The subgroups subjected to NaOCI pretreatment showed better bond strength values, though statistically not significant. Interpretation and conclusion Bond strength values to demineralized dentin surface was higher than remineralized dentin surface both without and with NaOCI application. Sodium hypochlorite is an effective deproteinizing agent and its application results in the formation of a Reverse Hybrid Layer. This formed a more stable interface and would delay the process of hydrolytic degradation overtime.

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The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of hydrogel and solution of sodium ascorbate on enamel-resin composite shear bond strength after bleaching. 40 buccal enamel surfaces of maxillary molar were taken, divided into 4 groups (n=10). Group I (bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide), group 2 (bleaching and 10% sodium ascorbate solution), group 3 (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel) and group 4 (bleaching + 20%) sodium ascorbate hydrogel). All the teeth were restored with composite and subjected to shear bond testing. The results were evaluated. The data was analyzed by ANOVA test and multiple comparisons by Post Hoc tests. It was concluded that there was increase in the bond strength when antioxidants were used after bleaching but there was no significant difference among the different forms of sodium ascorbate.

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