Giomers are newly introduced hybrid aesthetic restorative materials for dental restorative therapy. They are based on pre-reached glass-ionomer (PRG) technology. Chemically, they consist of fluoroalumino silicate glass reacted with polyalkenoic acid in water prior to inclusion into the silica-filled urethane resin. Giomers contain both of the essential components of glass-ionomer cements and resins but they cannot be classified as compomers, in which a variable amount of dehydrated polyalkeonic acid is incorporated in the resin matrix and the acid does not react with the glass until water uptake occurs. Giomers are placed in a separate category of composites known as PRG composites. These materials have significant fluoride release, fluoride recharge biocompatibility, smooth surface finish, excellent aesthetics and clinical stability which has made them popular for restoration of root caries, non-carious cervical lesions, class V cavities, and deciduous tooth caries. As per today’s knowledge, giomers are promising restorative materials and are considered to be most interesting development of near future.

This present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength of three different pit and fissure sealants – 2 light cured resin sealants. Teethmate F1 and 3M Concise and one conventional glass ionomer, GC Fuji III sealant by using invasive and non-invasive techniques in premolars in vitro. Sixty premolars were taken for the study and were divided into 6 groups with ten teeth in each group. In group 1 and 2 teeth filled with Teethmate F1 light cured resin sealant using invasive and non-invasive technique respectively. In group 3 and 4 teeth filled with 3M Concise light cured resin sealant using invasive and non-invasive technique respectively. Groups 5 and 6, teeth filled with chemically cured glass ionomer sealant Fuji III using invasive and non-invasive technique respectively. The results showed the Teethmate F1 light cured resin sealant had a higher bond strength than 3M Concise light cured resin sealant and glass ionomer Fuji III sealant. The difference was statistically very significant (P<0.01). Results also showed that the invasive groups 1, 3 and 5 showed a higher tensile bond strength compared to the non-invasive groups 2, 4 and 6 for all the 3 sealants. This difference was statistically very significant (P,0.01).

Perforations are cited as the second greatest cause of treatment failure next to improper obturation. Failure to seal the perforation permits rapid breakdown of periodontium and eventual loss of tooth. A patient presented with the chief complaint of caries, pain and pus discharge in mandibular right first molar. He had got root canal treatment started from a dentist approximately three months ago but had no relief. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed perforation in the furcating area. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used to seal the perforation non-surgically. Both clinical and radiographic evaluation of the involved tooth after three months revealed evidence of periradicular healing. Mineral trioxide aggregate is one of the most interesting new products introduced in endodontics. Besides perforation repair, it use has been expanded for various procedures such as pulp capping, apexification, root end filling. Though initial reports seem to be very favourable mote studies are still required to establish its efficacy.

Bonding of restorative materials to tooth structure has become one of the prime objectives of modern dentistry. Traditional glass ionomers have generally been relegated to a secondary role in favour of composite resins. To circumvent these problems of traditional GIC, resin modified GIC, and polyacid modified composite resins have been introduced having good adhesion and improved properties. Hence a study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the shear bond strengths of Resin Modified GIC and polyacid modified composite resin to enamel and dentin on 40 extracted teeth. Polyacid modified composite resin showed significantly higher bond strength values to both enamel and dentin. Also both the compomer and resin modified GIC show significantly high shear bond strength value to enamel than to dentin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three accepted methods of sterilization and disinfection of endodontic burs. Forty stainless steel straight fissure burs were used in this study. Access cavities were prepared with the burs and they were cleaned by running them on a cleaning stone and disinfected by wiping them with cotton gauze soaked in spirit. They were randomly divided in to three groups of 10 each and were sterilized in an autoclave, glass bead sterilizer and by placing them in cidex (2% glutaraldehyde) solution. The sterilized burs were then cultured in brain heart infusion broth for 12 hrs in an incubator at 370 C to check for turbidity and the results were statistically analyzed. The results suggest that autoclave proved to be the most efficient, glass bead sterilizer could be used as a chair side alternative and cidex solution proved to be ineffective in sterilizing burs.

To compare the ability of three techniques (with two different instruments) of preparing root canal to provide a property shaped canal silicon models and crosssection methods were used. The canals of 180 permanent molars having root canal curvature greater than 300 were prepared with SB, BF and PSB using Ni- Ti/FF and divided into six groups of 30 each. 15 samples from each group were filled with silicon impression material (Viny1 Polysiloxane). The teeth were dissolved and the remaining models were evaluated and photographed. 15 samples from each group were studied after making cross sections at 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm intervals after leaving 1mm from the tip of the root. On statistical analysis it was observed that the difference in frequencies of SB, BF and PSB using Ni-Ti/FF was significant with the value of P<0.05, however when SB and PSB was compared the result was not significant in quality of five criteria and shapes of preparations.