The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of three adhesive systems on class V composite resin restorations. The adhesive systems that were employed in this study were Single bond (3M, total etch adhesive), Fuji bond LC (GC, glass ionomer based adhesive) Prompt L- Pop (3M, self etching adhesive). Standardized class V cavity preparations were made at the CEJ of 45 maxillary premolars. Micro fill composite resin (Kulzer. Charisma) restoration was placed, light cured tbr40 seconds, and polished. The surfaces around the restorations were coated with nail varnish, stained in Rhodamine-B fluorescent dye for 24 hours and longitudinally sectioned. Microleakage was evaluated with a fluorescent light microscope under I OX magnification. The teeth were scored on a ranking system of 0-4, where '0' means no leakage and '4' means leakage along or up to axial wall. All the results were statistically analyzed. The following conclusions were arrived that none of the bonding agents used in the study could completely prevent the microleakage and also among all the bonding agents tested, Prompt L- Pop exhibited the maximum microleakage at the composite dentin interface, followed by Single bond and Fuji bond LC. Fuji bond LC exhibited the least microleakage compared to both Prompt L-Pop and Single bond, although there was no statistical difference with Single bond. Among all the groups tested Fuji bond LC performed better.

Background & Objectives : The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling on water sorption and solubility of three commercially available composites namely Microfilled (Filtek A­110), Hybrid (Z- 100) and Packable (Filtek P-60). Methodology: Thirty disc specimens of dimension 10 1 mm diameter and I ± 0.1 mm thickness were made using each group of composite and randomly divided into three sub groups. All the specimens were subjected to conditioning in a incubator maintained at 35 ± I °C for 24 hours until a constant mass was achieved and the weight checked using an electronic analytical balance (m,). The subgroups were treated as follows ; Subgroup 1 : Stored in distilled water at 178 hours; Subgroup 2 : stored in distilled water at 35°C for 173 hours and subjected to five hours of thermal cycling with an upper temperature of 60°C. Subgroup 3 : stored in distilled water at 35°C for 173 hours and subjected to five hours of thermal cycling with an upper temperature of 60°C. Mass after treatment were measured anti recorded as m2 and specimens were re-conditioned to constant mass m3. The volume of the specimens was obtained and water sorption and solubility calculated. Data was analysed using factorial ANOVA/ Mann-Whitney test at significance level of 0.05. Results: Results have shown that highest water sorption was seen for Group B i.e. Z-100 and least for Group C i.e. Filtek P-60. the highest solubility was seen for Group A i.e. Filtek A-1 10 and least for Filtek P-60). Interpretations and Conclusions: Conclusions from the study can he drawn as the effect of thermal cycling on water sorption and solubility of composite resins was material dependent. A significant increase in water sorption was observed for Filtek-A-110 and Z-100 with thermal cycling whereas solubility was not effected with thermal cycling.

Cleaning of endodontic instruments is important to prevent cross contamination between patients and facilitate sterilization, thus achieving the goal of three dimensional obturation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective cleaning procedure for rotary Ni-Ti instruments. New sterilized Ni-Ti rotary instruments were contaminated by preparing canals of extracted teeth and subjected to both mechanical and chemical cleaning procedures followed by placing in an ultrasonic bath. This study showed that a sequential cleaning procedure including combined mechanical and chemical removal with 2% glutaraldchyde followed by ultrasonic bath is an effective procedure of removing debris from rotary Ni- Ti instruments.

The role of Insulin like growth factors (IGF) in neoplastic transformation, in transversion of cell cycle during the growth and development by induction of enamel biomineralisation of the tooth and in periodontal development have been well documented in the past. However studies suggesting its usage in dental therapy have been limited. This review article hence, brings together various studies that have suggested its role as a therapeutic agent in dental pulp healing and reparative dentinogenesis along with periodontal regeneration. Positive results were achieved when IGF was combined with other therapeutic agents like platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and calcium hydroxide in healing of apical perforations. When combined with heparin. IGF-l increased the expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 mRNA. Treatment with IGF-I inhibited DNA fragmentation in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. This article also includes background information on the IGF system and its mechanism of action.

Periradicular surgery, assisted by an endoscope was performed on patients with persistent periapical lesion of endodontic origin, which were not responding to conventional root canal therapy. The objective of using endoscope was to use a cost effective alternative to surgical microscope for diagnosis, illumination and magnification of the surgical field. Endoscope helped in the assessment of the extent, direction and depth of the lesion. It provided excellent illumination, magnification of the surgical field including the root apices and the area around the root apices.