| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 23
| Issue : 5 | Page : 489-496 |
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Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Malaysian geopropolis with Aloe vera against Enterococcus faecalis to be used as an intracanal medicament in endodontics
Ikmal Hisham Ismail1, Fouad Hussain Al-Bayaty2, Eleena Mohd Yusof3, Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan4, Farah Aminah Hamka5, Nur Amirah Azmi5
1 Centre for Comprehensive Care Studies UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
2 Centre for Periodontology Studies UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
3 Centre for Restorative Dentistry Studies UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
4 Centre for Preclinical Studies UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
5 Undergraduate Students, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Ikmal Hisham Ismail
Centre for Comprehensive Care Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Cawangan UiTM Selangor, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor
Malaysia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_528_20
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Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis can be found in failed endodontic treatment (FET) even after performing primary endodontic treatment (PET). Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) cannot fully eliminate this microorganism during PET. Brazilian green propolis (bee glue) was found to be more effective against E. faecalis when compared to Ca(OH)2. A much less studied Malaysian geopropolis (MP) as well as Aloe vera (AV) is antibacterial but is unknown against E. faecalis.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effects of MP, AV, and MP + AV in comparison with Ca(OH)2 against E. faecalis, as an intracanal medicament.
Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of MP, AV, MP + AV, Ca(OH)2, and dimethyl sulfoxide was tested against E. faecalis using antimicrobial sensitivity testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test with Mann–Whitney post hoc test and repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test (P < 0.05).
Results: For agar well-diffusion method, MP + AV gave maximum inhibition zone diameter (mean: 8.11 ± 0.015 mm), MP (mean: 6.21 ± 0.046 mm, Ca(OH)2 (mean: 5.5 ± 0.006), and AV (mean: 5.05 ± 0.012) with P < 0.05. MIC for MP + AV was 2 mg/ml, MP at 8 mg/ml, Ca(OH)2 at 8 mg/ml, and AV at 16 mg/ml. The MBC for MP + AV is at 4 mg/ml, MP at 16 mg/ml, Ca(OH)2 at 16 mg/ml, and AV at 32 mg/ml.
Conclusion: The combination of MP and AV consistently showed better antimicrobial activity compared to MP and AV alone against E. faecalis. The findings suggest that MP and AV used in combination may be an ideal intracanal medicament in FET and PET.
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