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An in vivo study was undertaken to determine whether microorganisms invade periapical cementum of human teeth from adjacent periapical lesions. For this purpose, periapical surgery with apicoectomy was done in 20 maxillary anterior teeth with periapical pathology. The pathological periapical tissue and the cementum from deep apical part of the tooth was placed in thioglycollate broth, which were inoculated for isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The study showed the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in periapical cementum. Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium and Campylobacter were isolated from periapical cementum and accounted for 30% of isolation of bacteria from the total number of cases, whereas 90% of bacteria were isolated from periapical tissues.
